Life at Different Temperature : Temp Variations & Microbes Terminologies

ⓘ Temperature Variations & Microbes Terminology :

1.Variation in Temperature :

The microbial growth varies in the temperature variations means growth ia directly proportional to the variation in temperature. When  ever temperature changes its directly affects to the growth where the microbial life affect as well as categorization takes place which we called as Terminology Depending Upon Temperature or Types of Microbes behalf of temperature.

               Growth Against Temperature 

Temperature variation of growth of microbes termed as follows :

1.Psychrophiles/Cryophiles

2.Mesophiles

3.Thermophiles

   Class of Microbes depend on Temperature

Let's looks into the matter ,

1.Psychrophiles Or Cryophiles :

(Pyschro/Cryo = Low temp , Philes = Love)

So the Psychrophiles or Cryophiles are those microbes which are able to grow and produce them selves or replicate self in low temperature very easily the ranging growth of Psychrophiles/Cryophiles from -20°C to +10°C. Psychrophiles/Cryophiles can be easily found in the places which are permanently Cold such as Polar Regions and in the Deep Sea.

Examples :

i) Psychrobacter cryohalolentis

ii) Psychrobacter articus

iii) Arthobacter globiformis

iv) Arthobacter flavus

v) Psychrobacter immobilis

       Xanthoria elegans can thrive at -24°C

2.Mesophiles :

( Meso = Middle , Philes = Love )

Mesophiles are defined as those micro-organisms which are able to grow in temperature ranging between 20°C to 45°C.

Where the Mesophiles are also includes most Human Pathogenic organisms which grow at the 37°C which is the Normal Body Temperature of Human Body. Thus becuase of the Optimum temparure 37°C mesophiles are moderate temperature organisms also lives in very comfortably at the temperature as moderate means 20°C to 45°C growth ^ takes best in this conditions is not too Hot and even not too Cold the terms mesophiles generally applies to micro-organisms which are Bacteria.

Several human pathogens as well as human microbiome are considered as Mesophiles.

But not only human pathogens of body temperature 37°C also some Mesophiles involved in Wine & Beer Production also in Cheese & Yogurt the optimum temperature has the all secrets in it for growing very comfortable.

Examples :

➫ Beer & Wine Production

The main yeast species used is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It ferments the sugars, coming from different sources, e.g., grapes for wine, barley for beer, to alcohol and carbon dioxide. Both wild and cultivated strains are used.

i) Saccharomyces  cerevisiae

ii) Pichia anomala (Wine)

iii) Saccharonyces pastorianus (Beer)

   Cheese,Wine,Beer & Yogurt by Mesophile

➫ Cheese & Yogurt Production

Lactic Acid Bactrium 

     Lactic Acid Bacterium in Daily Routine

➫ Other than above

i) Listeria monocytogenes :

Listeria monocytogenes is the species of pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen.

ii) Streptococcus pyrogenes :

Streptococcus pyogenes is a species of Gram-positive, aerotolerant bacterium in the genus Streptococcus. These bacteria are extracellular, and made up of non-motile and non-sporing cocci. It is clinically important for humans. It is an infrequent, but usually pathogenic, part of the skin microbiota.

iii) Staphylococcus aureus :

Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus [staf I lō-kok is aw ree us] (staph), is a type of germ that about 30% of people carry in their noses. Most of the time, staph does not cause any harm; however, sometimes staph causes infections.

           Mesophiles as Human Pathogens

3.Thermophiles : 

(Thermo = Heat/Hot , Philes = Loves)

Thermophiles are termed because these organisms are heat loving organisms & can tolerate temperature upto from ranging 41°C to 122°C where 50°C-55°C is the optimal temperature for the growth of thermophiles.These microbes can support microbial life at such incredible temperature where other losses their proteins by denaturation thats why these are known as Heat Resistant Microbes and are scientifically "Thermophiles".

i.e.Temperature loving organisms enzymes of thermophiles functions veey well even in harsh conditions at high temperature 

i.e.Taq Polymerase which is used in Molecular Biology in PCR thermophiles found in various Geothermal heated regions of the earth such as hot Springs like in Yellow Stone National Park Yellow Stone National Park & Deep Sea  hydrothermal vents.

Decaying plant matters such as Peat bogs & Compost its name derived from Greek meaning thermotoita (heat) & Greek philia (love).

Thermophiles may be classified into such three major groups or class for just taking it ease understanding such as 

a) Obligate Thermophiles

b) Facultative Thermophiles

c) Hyper-thermophiles

Let's See them one by one 

a) Obligate Thermophiles :

The obligate thermophiles are those types of thermophilic organisms which need high temperature in order to grow and thrive in the nature of environment temperature below 50°C which obligatory temperature for the Obligate Thermophiles.

b) Facultative Thermophiles :

Faclutative thermophiles are those thermophilic micro-organisms which can survive at high temperature as well as low temperature which is required for the thermophilic microbial life supports the ranging of Facultative Thermophiles below 50°C to 55°C.

Note : Facultative Thermophiles also known as Moderate Thermophiles.

c) Hyper-thermophiles :

(Hyper = Over,Thermo = Hot & Philes = Love)

Hyperthermophiles are those types of microbial life supporting and heat resisting microbes which can thrive/survive and also adapt to live at high temperature at 80°C easily and above this range too many hyper-thermophiles are from the domain of Archaea.

Examples :

- Pyrolobus fumarii can survive at 113°C in hydrothermal vents.

- Pyrococcus furiosus can thrive 100°C 

                   Hydrothermal Vents