Active Transport Process

1.Active Transport Process : 

✓ ABC Transporters System :

The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters) are a transport system superfamily that is one of the largest and possibly one of the oldest gene families. ... Some homologous ATPases function in non-transport-related processes such as translation of RNA and DNA repair.

ABC Tranaporters System consists two hydrophobic membrane spanning domains associated on the cytoplasmic surfaces of tge two nucleotide-binding domains

The membrane spanning from pore.

The Nucleotide domains binds and hydrolyzes the ATP Molecule for uptake process thats why its energy dependent mechanism.

As you see in the fig above & below ATPase doamins are available to stick together it required energy and the ATP is the energy here to drive the process of binding ABC transporters employes specially substrate binding proteins which are present in periplasmic space of Gram Negative Bacteria or attached to membrane lipida on external face of Gram Positive plasma membrane.

Binding proteins binds the molecules that is going to be transported  then interacts with membrane trabsport proteins to take them inside the cell i.e.Solute which are transports go inside the Cell.

Escherichia coli (E.coli) transports variety of sugers and amino acids by ABC transport Mechanism.

The Sugers are : arabinose , maltose , galactose & rabose.

While ,

The amino acids are : glutamate , histidine & leucine.

This is Active Transport Mechanism in which we learn about the type of Active Transport Mechanism

i.e.ABC Transport Mechanism

Where eukaryotic ABC transporters have their own values in medicals.

While some tumor cells pumps the drugs out using help of this ABC transporters

Cystic fibrosis results as a mutation which inactivates an ABC transport system which is acting as chloride ion channel in Lungs.